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The roller coaster is a popular amusement ride developed for amusement parks and modern theme parks. a roller coaster consists of a track that rises in designed patterns, sometimes with one or more inversions (such as vertical loops) that briefly turns the rider upside down. The cars on a typical roller coaster are not self-powered. Instead, a standard full circuit coaster is pulled up with a chain or cable along the lift hill to the first peak of the coaster track. The potential energy accumulated by the rise in height is transferred to kinetic energy as the cars race down the first downward slope. Kinetic energy is then converted back into potential energy as the train moves up again to the second peak. This hill is necessarily lower, as some mechanical energy is lost to friction. Many safety systems are implemented in roller coasters. One of these is the block system. Most large roller coasters have the ability to run two or more trains at once, and the block system prevents these trains from colliding. In this system, the track is divided into several sections, or blocks. Only one train at a time is permitted in each block. At the end of each block, there is a section of track where a train can be stopped if necessary (either by preventing dispatch from the station, closing brakes, or stopping a lift). Sensors at the end of each block detect when a train passes so that the computer running the ride is aware of which blocks are occupied. When the computer detects a train about to travel into an already occupied block, it uses whatever method is available to keep it from entering. The trains are fully automated.

REAL TIME APPLICATIONS:

The roller coaster is a popular amusement ride developed for amusement parks and modern theme parks. A roller coaster consists of a track that rises in designed patterns, sometimes with one or more inversions that briefly turn the rider upside down. The cars on a typical roller coaster are not self-powered. Instead, a standard full circuit coaster is pulled up with a chain or cable along the lift hill to the first peak of the coaster track.

WORKING PROCEDURE:

1. Build the model ball roller coaster using building instructions.
2. Click on the LEGO MINDSTROM icon then NXT programming window will open.
3. Design the program for ball roller coaster as instructed below.
4. Switch on the NXT brick.
5. Connect the USB cable from system to the NXT and upload the program.
6. Press the orange button of the NXT to run the motor.
7. Watch the model how it works.
8. Start with the lift arm of the Ball Roller Coaster in the down position (ready for a ball to roll in).
9. Run the Ball coaster program and observe the movement of 2 balls over the track..

LEARNING CONCEPTS:

1. Ultrasonic sensor properties
2. Kinetic energy
3. Potential energy
4. Kinetic energy converted into potential energy